Work in progress, compiled from November 2019. Known collections, archives and publications. Alphabetical order by surname.

Live Plants:

Cinchona pubescens, Temperate House, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (map here)

Cinchona pubescens, Edinburgh Botanic Garden (map here, correct as Dec 2019)

Cinchona pubescens, Chelsea Physic Garden

Eden project?

Also in: Utrecht Botanic Gardens

Known historic, dried cinchona collections

(Over 100 unless historically noteworthy)

UK

  • Royal Botanic Gardens Kew (barks & herbarium) c. 2,000

  • Natural History Museum (Herbarium), c. 600

  • Royal Pharmaceutical Society, London, (barks), c. 50 retained after donation to Kew in 1983

  • Manchester Museum (Herbarium & barks) c. xxxx

Europe

  • Copenhagen Natural History Museum, Denmark (herbarium and barks) c. 500

  • Naturalis, Leiden, Netherlands (barks and herbarium), c. 2,000

  • Utrecht Botanic Garden, Netherlands (Barks and herbarium), c. 300

  • Madrid Botanic Gardens (Barks and Herbarium), c. xxx

  • Others suspected: Paris Economic Botany Collection, Royal Palace of Madrid….

Publications

John Eliot Howard. Image: Wikimedia Commons

John Eliot Howard. Image: Wikimedia Commons

Howard, John Eliot, (1807-1883). Cinchona botanist, chemist and pharmaceutical manufacturer based in Tottenham, London.

Howard. J.E., (1853). Examination of Pavon’s collection of Peruvian barks contained in the British Museum. London: C. Whiting. With additional appendix, Printed 1855 here.

Howard. J.E., (1855) Examination of botanic specimens at Kew. London: privately printed. This can be also found reprinted (with OCR) on page 61 here

Howard. J.E., (1862). Illustrations of the nueva quinologia of Pavon. London: L. Reeve.

Howard. J.E., (1869). The quinology of the East Indian plantations. Vol 1. London: L. Reeve.

Howard. J.E., (1876). The quinology of the East Indian plantations. Vol 2 & 3. London: L. Reeve. This is not available online. I have my own homemade version, with OCR. If you would like to access this, I am happy to share. Please email me.

Archives:

Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Archives, Personal Archives pertaining to cinchona work under reference JEH

Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Economic Botany. Howard’s Bark collections. Cinchona specimens can also be found in the herbarium.

London Metropolitan Archives, Howards & Sons Business archives, plus family history documents for the Howard and Eliot families . Cinchona information found particularly under ACC/1037

Redbridge Archives, Ilford, further Howards & Sons archives.

Clements Markham. Image: Wikimedia Commons

Clements Markham. Image: Wikimedia Commons

Markham, Robert Clements, known as Clements, (1830-1916). Amongst his illustrious career, he also collected Cinchona in South America, helping to establish the first plantations in British-India.

Markham, C.R. (1862). Travels in Peru and India While Superintending the Collection of Chinchona Plants and Seeds in South America, and Their Introduction into India. London: J. Murray.

Markham, C.R. (1880). Peruvian Bark a Popular Account of the Introduction of Chinchona Cultivation into British India. London: J. Murray, 1880.

Archives:

Correspondence regarding Cinchona can be found in the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Archives, particularly amongst the Director’s correspondance and the Miscellaneous Reports.

Diaries in the Royal Geographical Society, particularly the following:

  • CRM/5 - Diary in Peru, 22 March to 16 May 1860

  • CRM/51 - Diary in Peru, 17 Dec 1859 to 21 March 1860

  • CRM/52 - Diary in Peru and India, 17 May 1860 to 17 Oct 1860

  • CRM/55 Cinchona notebook 1

  • CRM/56 Cinchona notebook 2

Hugh Algernon Weddell, Image: Wikimedia Commons.

Hugh Algernon Weddell, Image: Wikimedia Commons.

Weddell, Hugh Algernon, (1819-1877), British born, French pysician and botanist. Travelled to South Amercia and collected Cinchona 1843 with François Louis de la Porte, comte de Castelnau. Associated with the Muséum national d'Histoire Naturelle and Jardin des Plantes, Paris.

Weddell, H., (1849). Histoire naturelle des quinquinas. Paris: Chez Victor Masson.

Weddell, H., (1870). Notes sur les quinquinas. Paris: Victor Masson et Fils.

Vrijdag-Zijnen’s Cinchona specimens.

Vrijdag-Zijnen’s Cinchona specimens.

Theodoor Vrijdag Zijnen (1799 - 1863). Dutch Apothecary and Cinchona specialist.

Vrijdag-Zijnen, T., (1860). Chinae verae et pseudo-chinae Herbarii regii Lugdunensis/De Kina-basten van het Rijksherbarium en 1860. S’Gravenhage: J.M. van 't Haaff.

Archives

Vrijdag-Zijnen’s specimens (pictured left) are in the Economic Botany Collection, Naturalis, Leiden.


Miscellaneous books

-(1870). Memorial to congress on the cultivation of the cinchona tree in the United States. Philadelphia: American Forestry Association

Flückiger, F., (1884) The Cinchona barks: pharmacognistically considered. Philadelphia: P. Blakiston, Son & Co.

de Vriese, W. H (1855). De kina-boom uit zuid Amerika overgebragt naar Java, onder de regering van Konig Willem III. The Hague : C. W. Mieling